One source of truth per field
The single most useful decision in product data is also the least technical: write down which system owns each field, and make every other system read it.
Not each system — each field. Your ERP may own price, stock and dimensions while your PIM owns copy, imagery and marketing attributes, and the storefront owns nothing but presentation. Once that is agreed, most arguments about sync direction resolve themselves.
Get it wrong and you get the familiar result: two systems confidently disagreeing, a nightly job overwriting yesterday’s correction, and no way to tell which value was right.
Why this shows up as a search problem
Teams rarely ask for a product data project. They ask why search returns nothing useful, why filters miss items that obviously qualify, or why the same product reads differently on three channels.
All three are the same underlying problem. Faceted navigation can only filter on structured values; if “material” is free text with eleven spellings of the same thing, no amount of search tuning will fix it. That is why a conversion engagement often ends up recommending data work.
Where this sits
Product data is the layer under both the storefront and every channel you syndicate to. It depends on integration work to connect authoring, commerce and ERP, and it is a dependency for agentic commerce readiness, where machine-readable attributes stop being a nicety and become the entire interface.